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What (who) is hafnium$33417$ - definition

CHEMICAL COMPOUND

Hafnium oxide; HfO2; Hafnium dioxide

Hafnium (group)

CHINESE CYBER ESPIONAGE GROUP

HAFNIUM (group)

Hafnium (sometimes styled HAFNIUM) is a cyber espionage group, sometimes known as an advanced persistent threat, with alleged ties to the Chinese government. Hafnium is closely connected to APT40.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium_(group)

Hafnium controversy

DEBATE OVER THE POSSIBILITY OF TRIGGERING RAPID ENERGY RELEASES, VIA GAMMA RAY EMISSION, FROM HAFNIUM-178M2, AS REPORTED BY CARL COLLINS IN 1998

User:Drac2000/Induced gamma emission: Hafnium-178m2; Induced gamma emission: Hafnium controversy; Hafnium-178m2

The hafnium controversy is a debate over the possibility of 'triggering' rapid energy releases, via gamma ray emission, from a nuclear isomer of hafnium, 178m2Hf. The energy release is potentially 5 orders of magnitude (100,000 times) more energetic than a chemical reaction, but 2 orders of magnitude less than a nuclear fission reaction.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium_controversy

Induced gamma emission

BOMBARDING ATOMIC NUCLEI TO GIVE OFF VERY SHORT-WAVELENGTH LIGHT

Hafnium bomb; Isomer bomb; Induced gamma radiation

In physics, induced gamma emission (IGE) refers to the process of fluorescent emission of gamma rays from excited nuclei, usually involving a specific nuclear isomer. It is analogous to conventional fluorescence, which is defined as the emission of a photon (unit of light) by an excited electron in an atom or molecule.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_gamma_emission

Wikipedia

Hafnium(IV) oxide

Hafnium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula HfO
₂. Also known as hafnium dioxide or hafnia, this colourless solid is one of the most common and stable compounds of hafnium. It is an electrical insulator with a band gap of 5.3~5.7 eV. Hafnium dioxide is an intermediate in some processes that give hafnium metal.

Hafnium(IV) oxide is quite inert. It reacts with strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and with strong bases. It dissolves slowly in hydrofluoric acid to give fluorohafnate anions. At elevated temperatures, it reacts with chlorine in the presence of graphite or carbon tetrachloride to give hafnium tetrachloride.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium(IV) oxide